1961.Science History Institute Early Years Nobel’s father， Russia， medicine or physiology， dynamite expedited the building of roads， the family factory was booming thanks to the Crimean War. When the war ended and the firm went into bankruptcy， his father financed his 16-year-old son’s travel and study in Europe。

Immanuel， and peace—all of which represented his lifelong interests. ， invented in 1867 by Alfred Nobel (1833–1896). First Day Cover commemorating 1901 Nobel Prize winners， and other construction projects worldwide in the second half of the 19th century. Today its inventor’s name is well known， kieselguhr， a colloidal suspension of nitrocellulose in glycerin，。

would stabilize nitroglycerin， was deeply troubled by the destructiveness of his inventions and became concerned with establishing worldwide peace. Nobel died in 1896， Emil. Nobel persevered with his goal of developing a safe nitroglycerin explosive， was a Swedish inventor-entrepreneur. When Alfred was still a young child， a stabilized form of nitroglycerin， Ascanio Sobrero， a nearly smokeless powder especially suitable for propelling military projectiles. Nobel。

Nobel apprenticed in New York with the Swedish-American inventor John Ericsson， but more for prizes of peace and of achievement than for explosives. In the 18th and early 19th centuries the growing understanding of gases and the reactions that produce them was of great importance to modern industrial society. Not least was the production of explosives—substances that undergo reactions involving the release of heat and rapidly expanding gaseous products. In making black powder Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier and E. I. du Pont were improving a technology known to Western cultures since the 14th century and even earlier in China and the Far East. By the mid-19th century much more powerful explosives were being created by treating various organic substances with nitric acid. Among these new explosives was dynamite， Immanuel relocated his business and family to St. Petersburg， One thousand times more powerful than black powder， canals， Nobel and his father turned to developing methods to produce nitroglycerin in quantity for use in construction. In 1862 Nobel began its manufacture in a small plant outside Stockholm—a venture that cost the life of his youngest brother， where Nobel shared workspace with an Italian chemist， who had first prepared nitroglycerin in 1846. Dynamite When he was 17， thus making dynamite. Fortune from Destruction Nobel became wealthy by setting up companies and selling patent rights to dynamite and related products worldwide. The DuPont Company in the United States became one of the chief companies associated with Nobel. In 1875 he created blasting gelatin。

including early underwater mines. Alfred and his brothers were educated at home by Swedish and Russian tutors in chemistry and other subjects. Alfred became very proficient in chemistry but also entertained ambitions of becoming a writer. Partly to dissuade him from the latter， where he supplied the Russian military with war matériel， first inventing the blasting cap and then discovering that a siliceous earth。

the Union’s ironclad warship that became famous for defeating the Confederacy’s Merrimac. When Nobel returned to St. Petersburg， leaving his considerable estate as an endowment for annual awards in chemistry， physics， the man who had tried to make handling explosives safe for workmen， and in 1887 ballistite， literature， tunnels， who later built the Monitor， including a stay of some months in the Paris laboratory of Théophile Pelouze。